2300 - 2051 B.C.

The Semitic-Hebrew could sell their daughters into slavery, or beat a woman to death. They shall devote their enemy to utter destruction down to the last child.
Egypt considered them brutal, uncivilized, barbarians or just Asiatic. The Middle East Code of Law except Egypt is:
Respect for Temples - Marry for pleasure - divorce when through

2,300 B.C.  
Terah's grandson Lot escapes the destruction of Sodom (2,300-1895 B.C.).  It is interesting that at this time the Semite Hebrews believed their daughters are property and can be sold into slavery, or they could beat a woman to death with no greater punishment than say destroying a neighbors ox.  Many would like to blame their idolatry on others especially the Egyptians but their disgusting philosophy is inherent to the Sumerian-Semitic-Hebrews themselves.  The Hebrew God concept supports war, slavery and preaches them to show no mercy towards their brothers (thou shalt devote them to utter destruction).  The War God of the Hebrew gave specific instructions on how to loot and burn a city and to exterminate the conquered population down to the last child.  In special cases only the men and boys and all women old enough to have slept with man are killed and the young girls are carried away as sex slaves.  There is little wonder that the Egyptians considered them as brutal, uncivilized, barbarians and at best just called them Asiatic.
Teti, the founder of Egypt's 6th dynasty, who married Iput, was believed assassinated.  Some suggest his dynasty was (2345-2333 B.C.)
Some evidence suggests a major meteor impacted just northwest of the confluence of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in Iraq.
2,289 B.C.  
Reign of King Nemtyemzaf (Merenre) or Antiemsaf (ca. 2289-2283 B.C.) (2255-2246 B.C.) Dynasty 6 of Egypt.  His reign is estimated between 6-14 years.  Merenre appears to be a half brother to Pepy II and is likely a guardian to child King Pepy II.
2,283 B.C.  
Reign of King Pepi or Pepy II (Neferkare) (ca. 2289/2246-2195/2152 B.C.) Dynasty 6 of Egypt.  Pepy II is believed to have the longest reign in Egyptian history.  It is said he began his rule at age six and continued to age one hundred.  Many historians question this alleged long reign but it remains to be disproved.  During Pepy's early reign Harkhuf conducted a mission to Nubia and further south to obtain ivory, ebony and a dancing dwarf.  The dwarf is considered more important by the young King than the ivory or ebony.  He established a vast fleet of ships for trading.  Pepy-Nakht led troops to put down a rebellion by the Nubia.  He slew princes and nobles of the Nubian tribes.  During the reign of King Pepy II the nobles continued to entrench their power and influence among the people using their wealth to secure power bases.
A scene of circumcision of boys is shown in the tomb of Ankhmahor, a physician and this Egyptian practice likely represents the source of the Jewish tradition.
2,280 B.C.  
All the lands of the Akkadian Empire revolted against the capital city Agade, Iraq.  Sargon I The Great (2340-2316 B.C.) knocked them over and destroyed their vast army.
2,278 B.C.  
Rimush (2278-2270 B.C.) son of Sargon ruled the Akkadian Empire and had to again put down a general revolt against the Semitic rule.
2,269 B.C.  
King Manishtusu (2269-2255 B.C.) a Semitic of Akkad (Iraq) conducted an expedition across the Southern Sea by ship to Oman subjecting the people of 32 cities.  Northern Syria is free of Akkad rule being returned to Eblaite rule.   The Hurrians are even further to the north at this time.  The Hurrian is neither Semitic nor Indo-European but a vague so-called Asianic.  The closest language is Urartian of Urartu (Armenia). The Lullubi are entrenched to the East.
2,266 B.C.  
The patriarch of the Sarug tribe (2266-2036) is a descendent of the tribe of Ragau (2398-2159) according to the historian Josephus (37-100 A.D.).
2,255 B.C.  
The Pharaoh Phiops I sent his General Uni to reopen the trade route to the Sinai where the Nomads (Semites) had secured themselves.  This is during the reign of King Pepi or Pepy II (Neferkare) (ca. 2289/2246-2195/2152 B.C.) Dynasty 6 of Egypt?
Shun aka Youyu-Shi, Yao Chonghua, Yu Shun and Great Shun ruled the eastern Chinese (2,255-2,195 B.C.)  Shun's capital was at Puban, (presently Shanxi, China).  He taught the people compassion, kindness, respect, forgiveness and understanding.
2,254 B.C.  
Naram-Sin (2254-2218) Semitic King of the Akkad Empire son Manishtusu warred against his neighbors with success.  He adopted the name King of the Four Regions and King of the Universe.  He also became known as a Semitic Spirit-god-King.  All prior Spirit-gods are reduced to two stars in the sky.  His long reign is filled with wars at the limits of his Akkadian (Mesopotamia) Empire.
2,250 B.C.  
Yu Minister of Public Works under Emperor Shun who will be Emperor of China is believed responsible for sending out exploration groups to the four corners of the earth.  He also compiled the Shan Hai King, the Classic of Mountain and Seas.  The groups are to explore, chart and spread Chinese beliefs to all inhabitants of the earth.  The priest Hwui Shan according to Yu as reported to the Emperor Shun of China conducted a number of exploration trips to Fu Sang (America).  He described the mountains and rivers across the Great Eastern Sea.  Yu would become Emperor in 2205 B.C.  The voyage to Fu Sang is reported being about 7,000 miles East of the Great Han Country, China.  He reports the cities of this country need no walls as they wage no wars.  Some cities have a written language making paper from the bark of the Fu Sang tree.  Stone arrowheads (Folsom Points?) are returned as tribute to Emperor Yu in 2205 B.C.
The Chinese believe, as reported in the Mountains and Sea Classic, that pure mindedness can only be achieved by virginity as passion destroys pure mindedness.
Urukagina of Sumeria led a popular revolution against the Priestly abuses.  They established the rights of common people to own property.  Lugalzaggisi, the Patesi of Umma overthrew Urukagina and eventually, over the next 25 years, extended his power from the Persian Gulf to the Mediterranean Sea.
The Iranians coming from the east begin the occupation of Iran pushing the Caucasians (Guti & Kassites) toward the Sumero-Akkadian peoples.  The Hittites (Luwian, Palaic and Nesite) are pressing from the west.
2,240 B.C.  
During this period of Yu the Great (Xia)(2,205-2,198) everywhere in China tremendous flood waters are wreaking destruction.  Spreading afar, they embraced the mountains and rose above the hills.  It inudated the Valley of Huangle (Yellow) River.  The people are groaning.  All the houses and crops are submerged and the people had to move to places on the highland.  This legend is similar to the Great Flood of Noah alias Ut-Napishtim.  The biggest difference is the Chinese did not attribute this natural phenomenon as God inspired to punish mankind.  It is noteworthy that the North American tradition of the Great Flood also considered it a natural phenomenon and not a punishment from God.  For nine years Kun labored without success to dam up the waters.  Kun's son Yu continued the task but instead of using dams he dug channels to drain the waters to the sea.  In this way he eventually conquered the flood and made the land fit for habitation.  He is given the throne by Shun and became founder of the first hereditary dynasty.  This flood story is not unique to China for it is widely found among other peoples of East and Southeast Asia even in the mythology of America.  Only in the middle east is the flood considered as a divine retribution for human sin.  Flavious Josephus (37-100) the historian admitted in 93 that all barbarian histories mention the flood including the Egyptians, Phoenician and Mnaseas including the fact that others beside Noah escaped to the mountains and are saved.  It would appear that only Noah deemed this natural phenomenon as God destroying mankind for mans wickedness.  Flavious Josephus (37-100) the historian suggests that this part of Genesis is written from a collection of sources that includes the barbarians.
Some attribute this year as the first dynasty of China, the Hiah (Fohi or Yao) (2,240-2,000) which included writing, music, dressmaking and solstices sacrificing.  History however knows no time when China is not highly developed both physically and intellectually.  Yu ordered his officials to pace off the dimensions of the world from east to west and north too south.  China is recorded 233,500 li (77,833 miles) in each direction.  They encountered the lands of Black-teeth People, Winged People and Naked People.  They are also believed to have charted North and Central America.  Private ownership of houses and domestic animals emerged during this period.
Some believe writing emerged independently in America, China, Sumeria and Egypt.  It is more likely that this concept spread world wide during this great world wide Chinese geographic exploration period.
2,225 B.C.  
The Semitic Akkadians under King Sargon defeated King Lugalzaggisi ending the Expansion of the Sumerian Empire.  Sargon is believed to have originated in the land of the Semitic-Amorites (Sumerians) in upper Syria who also spread southward into Palestine (Philista).  The Semitic Akkadians are firmly established in Babylon.
2,217 B.C.  
Shar-kali-sharri (2217-2193 B.C.) a Semitic King of the Akkad Empire is challenged by Puzur-Inshushinak a Semitic Elamite (Persians) abandoned the Akkadian language taking the title King of the Universe, King of Agade that meant King of all Kings.  Shar-kali-sharri (2217-2193 B.C.) is powerless to intervene as he is stopping a revolt in Sumar, a war with the Lullubi, the Guti, the nomads of Syria, and the Amorites (Hyksos).
2,200 B.C.  
The Akkadian Empire ruled Mesopotamia about this time.
A violent and widespread destruction caused by invaders most likely the Luwian (Indo-European) people plunged the western part of Asia Minor into semi-darkness for several centuries.  A brilliant unnamed culture (ca. 3500-2200 B.C.) is destroyed.  Central Anatolia however soon recovered as a metallurgic center but the first written documents are of foreign origin.
Shan Hai Jaing (Jing) published his classic of Mountains and Seas.  It is believed to be bases on exploration between (2640-2200 B.C.) where four Chinese parties were sent to the four corners of the world.  Some contend the Americas were visited during this period.  As proof they claim:
        3300-2800 B.C.  Peanuts native to America found in Chinese digs.
        3000-2000 B.C.  Chinese stone anchors are discovered off the California coast, dated to this time period by manganese deposits.
        2000 B.C.            Chinese cotton is introduced to Peru about this time.
        1500 B.C.            Stone bark-cloth beaters are in America, nearly identical beaters in use in China from 2400 B,C.
        1100 B.C.            Chinese pyramid building techniques are the same as American pyramid building
        1100 B.C.            Hookworm is introduced to America about this time        
HOWEVER Shan Hai Jaing (Jing) classic of Mountains and Seas is composed of 18 volumes of 31,000 words of what they call legends and fairy tales.  The periods of publication include 476-221 B.C.; 221 B.C. & 206 B.C.- 8A.D.
       

Chapter	Chinese	Pinyin	Translation
1	南山經	Nanshan jing	Classic of the Mountains: South
2	西山經	Xishan jing	Classic of the Mountains: West
3	北山經	Beishan jing	Classic of the Mountains: North
4	東山經	Dongshan jing	Classic of the Mountains: East
5	中山經	Zhongshan jing	Classic of the Mountains: Central
6	海外南經	Haiwainan jing	Classic of Regions Beyond the Seas: South
7	海外西經	Haiwaixi jing	Classic of Regions Beyond the Seas: West
8	海外北經	Haiwaibei jing	Classic of Regions Beyond the Seas: North
9	海外東經	Haiwaidong jing	Classic of Regions Beyond the Seas: East
10	海內南經	Haineinan jing	Classic of Regions Within the Seas: South
11	海內西經	Haineixi jing	Classic of Regions Within the Seas: West
12	海內北經	Haineibei jing	Classic of Regions Within the Seas: North
13	海內東經	Haineidong jing	Classic of Regions Within the Seas: East
14	大荒東經	Dahuangdong jing	Classic of the Great Wilderness: East
15	大荒南經	Dahuangnan jing	Classic of the Great Wilderness: South
16	大荒西經	Dahuangxi jing	Classic of the Great Wilderness: West
17	大荒北經	Dahuangbei jing	Classic of the Great Wilderness: North
18	海內經	Hainei jing	Classic of Regions Within the Seas

     
2,196 B.C.  
Towards the end of the reign of King Pepi or Pepy II (Neferkare)  (ca. 2289/2246-2195/2152 B.C.) Dynasty 6 of Egypt many nobles and administrators declared their independence from the King.  It is written that many noble women are reduced to poverty and many slaves are wearing great wealth. The lower classes are full of great joy and the nobles a great sadness.  King Pepy II depleted the treasury by attempting to buy the support of the nobles and the King abandons the city of Memphis.
2,195 B.C.  
Reign of King Netjerykare (ca. 2195-2190 B.C.) Dynasty 6 of Egypt.  This could be a reference to King Pepy II after abandoning Memphis?  The Kingship shifted to Herakleopolis for Lower Egypt and Thebes for Upper Egypt.  The Egyptians described the next two hundred years as the period of seventy kings in seventy days.
2,194 B.C.
Yu aka Si Wenming and Yu The Great ruled China (2,194-2,149 B.C.) and is considered the first ruler of the Xia Dynasty (2,100-1,600 B.C.)  He is best remembered for teaching the people flood control techniques to tame China's rivers and lakes.  Yu established his capital at Yang City.  
2,193 B.C.  
The Akkadian Semitic Empire of Mesopotamia collapsed with revolt in Sumar, wars with the Lullubi, the Guti and the Nomads of Syria the Semitic-Amorites (Sumerians-Hyksos).  Others speculate the collapse of the Akkadian-Semitic Empire is the result of a prolonged three century drought that effected a wide area from Egypt to India causing general unrest.  It is noteworthy that natural disasters are usually interpreted by the people as being signs from God of his disfavor with the Kings and leaders.  As a result of the Akkadian Empire the Sumero-Akkadian culture and language is adopted by the Hurrians, Lullubi and the Semitic Elamites (Persians).  This is likely the result of numerous slaves taken by both sides during nearly 150 years of continuous war.
2,190 B.C.  
Reign of Queen Nitocris (ca. 2190-2181 B.C.) Dynasty 6 of Egypt.  This marks the end of a dynasty that sent expedition missions as far north as Antolia (Turkey).
2,182 B.C.  
Some attribute the long reign of King Pepy (Pepi) II (Neferkare) (ca. 2246-2152 B.C.) (ca. 2289-2195 B.C.) as contributing to the demise of the Egyptian 5th dynasty along with economic woes and loss of credibility.  The Asiatics made incursions into Egypt during this dynasty but most doubt they succumbed to outside force and appears to have collapsed through internal weakness.  Others suggest the excessive cost of maintaining the temples and institutions contributed to the collapse.
2,181 B.C.  
Egypt during the period 2181-2040 BC began with the collapse of the Old Kingdom due to crop failure and low revenues due to pyramid building projects. This seemed to coincide with a period of cooling and drying.
Egyptian Dynasty 7 (ca. 2181-2173 B.C.) includes about nine Kings.  The Nile became dry and men crossed it on foot, the sun is hidden, crops are diminished.  Taxes are raised and people fled the towns to live in the cemeteries.  The tombs of the spirit-god-Kings are violated.  Anarchy developed in some sections of Egypt and in Royal residences.  Records suggest social upheaval amounting to revolution.  Noblemen and women are working the fields and their servants are enjoying the property of their former masters.  Brothers fought each other, and men killed their parents.  The provinces of Egypt fell prey to incursions of Asiatic Bedouin (Amu) from Palestine.  The Asiatic nomads do not stay in a single place, lack of food drives their feet.  They have been fighting since before 3100 B.C., they do not win, nor are they conquered.
2,173 B.C.  
Egyptian Dynasty 8 (ca. 2173-2160 B.C.) includes about six Kings.  The Herakleopolitan kings (2160-2040 B.C.) managed to regain control of the Delta, its harbors, and trade routes to the north, as well as to exert sovereignty over the northern half of Upper Egypt as far south as Siut and at times to Abydos.  As a result of the rebellion the relationship between God and man changed.  Act for God, who made heaven and earth, made water and air, to please man.  A just heart is more acceptable than the sacrificial ox of one who does mischief.  God slew his enemies, and destroyed his children, because they planned the making of rebellion.
2,160 B.C.  
The Dynasty of Isin (2160-1930 B.C.) is a city located between Larak and Nippur, Iraq.  The first King of Isin is Ishbi-Erra (2160-2028) who declared Isin free of Ur.
Reign King Meryibre Akhtoy I (ca. 2160-2130 B.C.) Dynasty 9 & 10 of Egypt.  Egypt is trading up the Lebanese coast for timber.
2,150 B.C.  
The Ionians arrived in Anatolia (Greece) settling into the region of Troy.
2,146 B.C.  
Qi  as part of the Xia Dynasty ruled China (2,146-2,117 B.C.) The length of his reign is stated as 10, 16 & 29 years.  He spent most of his reign fighting flooding and waging war.
2,136 B.C.  
The patriarch of the Nahor tribe (2136-1988) is a descendent of the tribe of Sarug (2266-2036) according to the historian Josephus (37-100 A.D.).
2,134 B.C.  
Reign King Mentuhotpe I (ca. 2134-2123 B.C.) Dynasty 11 of Egypt.
Reign King Inyotef I (Sehertawy) (ca. 2134/2123-2118/2113 B.C.) Dynasty 11 of Egypt.  Inyotef I is called the Elder and is listed the son of Mentuhotpe I.  He united the Nome Princes so that Upper Egypt could remain independent of the Herakleopolitans who had limited rule during the 9th and 10th dynasties.
2,130 B.C.  
Reign King Nebkaure Akhtoy II (ca. 2130-2100 B.C.) Dynasty 9 & 10 of Egypt.
2,120 B.C.  
The Hordes of Gutium ravaged the land of the Akkadian Empire for the past 87 years yet defended the Akkad against the Lullubi and the Hurrians of Kurdistan.  The Guti are few in numbers and many cities must have enjoyed complete freedom during this period.  Utuhegal (2120-2113 B.C.), ensi of Uruk raised an army and rose against the stinging serpent of the Hills (Guti).  The hated foreigners are defeated and their King Tiriqan is captured.  Twenty one Guti Kings had ruled during the past 87 years suggesting continuous infighting.  The remnants of the Gutian hordes established themselves in northern Assyria (Asshur).
2,123 B.C.  
Reign King Inyotef II (Wahankh) (ca. 2118-2069 B.C.) Dynasty 11 of Egypt.
2,118 B.C.  
Reign King Wahankh Inyotef II (ca. 2133/2118-2081/2069 B.C.) Dynasty 11 of Egypt.  He is believed a younger brother of Inyotef I.  His reign of 52 years had intermittent fighting with the north.  His tomb is at Thebes, Egypt.
2,117 B.C.  
Tai Kang ruler of China during the Xia Dynasty ruled (2,117-2,088 B.C.)  He was not considered a good ruler.
2,112 B.C.  
The Third Dynasty of Ur (2112-2004) is a period of construction, law and order and development of a code of laws.  Respect for the temples of Ur pervades the country.  In the region of Girsu north of Ur 15,000 women are employed in a textile industry.  Another factory employed 1,850 people mostly being priest state controlled.  Tablets urged young people to marry for pleasure; get divorced when they through it over.
2,107 B.C.  
The patriarch of the Abram tribe (2107-1902) is a descendent of the tribe of Terah of the tribe of Nahor according to the historian Josephus (37-100 A.D.).
2,100 B.C.  
The Sumerian King Ur-Nammu (2,113-2095) at E-Anna (Uruk), King of Sumer, Akkad and Ur built a towers (Ziqqurat) over a large temples in various cities.  He restored the Akkadian Empire, freed the land from thieves, robbers and rebels.
Stone-Henge is being reconstructed giving indications of advanced sea transportation.  The huge stones from south west Wales to Wessex, England suggest it is doubtful the large stones are transported over land.
Reign King Wahkare Akhtoy III (ca. 2100-2070 B.C.) Dynasty 9 & 10 of Egypt.
The Xia Dynasty of China is believed to span 2,100-1,600 B.C.  The first known bronze vessels were found at Erlitou near the middle reaches of the Yellow River in northern central China. Most archaeologists now identify this site with the Xia dynasty (c. 2100-1600 B.C.)
2,095 B.C.  
The Law of Shulgi (2094-2047 B.C.) son of Ur Nammu (2112-2095) established at this time is more humane than the Law of Hammurabi.  Many injury crimes called for compensation rather than death.  Ur Nammu built many Ziqqurat (Towers of Babel) used to reach unto heaven at the town of Ur Uruk, Eriou, Nippur and other towns of Iraq.  The King appointed the high priest for the Ziqquarat.  It is noteworthy that similar structures are built in Egypt and the Americas.
Reign King Inyotef III (Nakhtnebtepnufer) (ca. 2095/2069-2085/2061 B.C.) Dynasty 11 of Egypt.  The northern Herakleopolitan repeatedly attacked the south during his reign.
2,091 B.C.  
Reign King Mentuhotpe II (Nebhepetre)  (ca. 2091/2061-2040/2010 B.C.) Dynasty 11 of Egypt.  He is the son Inyotef III and Queen Aoh.  Reigned 51 years reign defeating the Herakleopolitans and united the country under Thebes.  Thebes is called the city of a thousand gates.  A relief shows the king  smiting an Egyptian, a Nubian, an Asiatic and a Libyan.  He likely reopened the mines in Sinai.  He conducted an expedition in Nubia extracting tribute.  He changed his name a number of times and some considered him as representing several different kings.  His Queen is Neferu but his heir Mentuhotpe III is the son of another consort named Tem.
During this period a fundamental shift in beliefs occurred and the king is no longer considered as a Spirit-god-King but is believed as being half divine and half human.  This likely represents the old belief of man and spirit that marked the end of the pyramid age.  The Egyptian Empire is restored to its former glory.
2,088 B.C.  
Zhong Kang ruled China (2,088-2,075 B.C. ) under the Xia Dynasty.  He ordered his General Zeng aka Tsang to lead troops to conquer Yihe as the King indulged in wine and beauty and his citizens lived bad lives.
2,075 B.C.
Xiang ruled China (2,075-2,008 B.C.) under the Xia Dynasty.   He set his capital in Shangqiu, China.  He sent troops against  the Huai Barbarians, Fei Barbarians, Feng Barbarians, and Huang Barbarians.  His whole reign was warring.  The Xia royal family had become corrupt, squandered away the family fortune, and lost the good will of the people. Xiang, was on the run, and only held the title of King in name. Xiang was eventually tracked down and killed.  Only his son Siu Shad Kang escaped.
2,070 B.C.  
The peaceful reign of the Sumerian King Shulgi (2094-2047 B.C.) ended with annual military campaigns into the hills and plains of Kurdistan against the Hurrians and their allies the Lullubi.
Dynasty 9, 10 and 11 of Egypt (2134-2040 B.C.)
The Herakleopolitan kings called Achthoes or Aktoy in some lists, who came to power about 2134-2040 B.C. ruling a portion of Egypt.
King Khety I of Dynasty 9 of Egypt.  He united the Nome Princes.  His contemporaries call him cruel.
King Khety II (Nebkaure?) of the 9th dynasty.
King Khety III (Wahkare) of the 9th dynasty is reported to have ruled for fifty years.
King Merikare Dynasty 9 of Egypt.
King Ity Dynasty 9 of Egypt whose reign is cut short by the arrival (2061 or 2040 B.C.) of the armies of Mentuhotpe II of dynasty 11 that took Herakleopolis.
Reign King Merykare (Merikare) (ca. 2070-2040 B.C.) Dynasty 10 of Egypt likely the son Khety III..
2,051 B.C.  
The Kurdistan region fell to the Sumerian King Shulgi.  About this time he extended his protectorate over Akkadian.  He then called himself King of the Four Quarters of the World and is worshiped as a Spirit-god.