1,750 B.C.
Pitkhanas, King of Kussara and his son Anittas subdued five neighboring kingdoms including Hatti (proto-Hittites) and transferred his residence to Nesa. The Assyrian colonies in Cappadocia are abandoned as a result of this campaign.
1,749 B.C.
Samsu-iluna (1749-1712) succeeded his father Hammurabi as King of Amnorite-Babylon. The Hammurabi Code of Law established a feudal bonding system using land ownership to firmly tie the people to the King. The Code also promised that the strong may not oppress the weak, to destroy the wicked and the evil and to cause justice to prevail in the country of Akkad and Sumer. The code of Hammurabi of Susa, Iran firmly established the eye for an eye mentality that is adopted by the Semitic-Israelites and later the Muslims. The code also established the responsibility upon a husband to support his separated wife. It would appear that Hammurabi inherited the concept of a feudal system from the Sumerian tradition. Some suggest this occurred a few hundred years earlier.
1,747 B.C.
Fa aka Houjin ruled China (1,747-1,728 B.C.) under the Xia Dynesty.
1,740 B.C.
A dwarf mammoth is living on the Wrangel Island (Ostrov Vrangelya) north west of the Bering Strait. These mammoth are about one half the size of conventional mammoth. The implications are that the mammoths are isolated after the last ice age and hunters do not visit the island during that period.
The Hittite replaced the Hattic of Anatolia. The Hittiic town of Cappadocia, Turkey is captured.
Sekenere? III a puppet king of Egypt revolted against the Egyptian Hyksos overlords. The Egyptians executed him with five battleaxe blows to the head.
1,730 B.C.
Some suggest the Hyksos have been governing Egypt for well over one hundred years. These people show no desire to adopt Egyptian culture. Their only interest is to extract tribute from the Egyptians. Other accounts record a different perception.
Future Pharaoh Ahmose or Amosis (Nebpehtire), (1576/1550-1546/1525), (1725-1700 B.C.) or (1845-1715 B.C.) Dynasty 18 attacked the Hyksos city of Avaris but is unable to take the city.
1,728 B.C.
Zie ruled China (1,728-1,675 B.C.) under the Xia Dynesty. He is the last ruler of the Xia Dynesty. He mistreated the people and became a tyrant.
1,725 B.C.
The Pharaoh Ahmose I (Amosis)(1558-1533 B.C.), (1576-1546 B.C.) (1725-1700 B.C.) or (1845-1715 B.C.) Dynasty 18 established the first standing army in Egyptian history. He married his sister Ahmose Nefertiry and also married Inhapi and Kasmut. Ahmose I succeeded his brother King Wadj Kheperre Kamose. He started his reign by taking up the war that had claimed the lives of his father and brother and drove the Asiatic Hyksos back to their capital city Avaris in northern Egypt, Amose I had organized the Asiatics, Africans, and Egyptians against the Hyksos. The Nome Princes of Southern Egypt sided with the Hyksos and opened a new war zone. The Hyksos nobles fled to Sharuhen in southern Palestine south of Gaza (Israel), with the Egyptian army in hot pursuit. Karnak is captured, neighboring towns are liberated and garrisons destroyed. Pharaoh Ahmose I puts Sharuhen under siege for three years. The fleeing Hyksos are pursued into Syrian territories. The Egyptian history until this time is a relatively peaceful civilization. This dynasty shows a strong matriarchal tendency in its early reigns.
It is noteworthy that Pharaoh Ahmose is attributed with ending the Hyksos domination of Egypt and the date of this dynasty varies from 1845, 1725 to 1576 or 1558 depending on the various theories.
1,720 B.C.
A treaty is developed that allows the Hyksos to peacefully depart Egypt. The Hyksos marched back to their homeland in Palestine (Philista) and occupy the city of Jerusalem. Some wildly speculate these Hyksos who dominate Syria and Palestine could be the proto-Israelites (Canaanites).
Egypt captured the city of Sharuhen in Southwestern Palestine. During his reign the Egyptian armies would drove north into Syria. Pharaoh Ahmose I (Amosis)(1558-1533), (1576-1546) (1725-1700 B.C.) or (1845-1715 B.C.) Dynasty 18 is called the avenger of the five wounds, the glorious liberator, the unifier of Egypt, and the great conqueror. Pharaoh Ahmose I (1725-1700 B.C) it is claimed drove the Hyksos back into Canaan that he claimed as an occupied territory of Egypt. This likely added to the legend of Moses legend.
1,718 B.C.
The Mythical Biblical Esau (b-1758 B.C.) son Isaac (1818-1638 B.C.) and Rebekah married Judith daughter Beeri the Hittite. He also married Mahalath daughter of Ishmael.
1,713 B.C.
The mythical Biblical Joseph (ca. 1730-1620) at age 17 is sold into slavery to Midianite traders then into Egypt. He later about 1,700 B.C. married Asenath daughter of Egyptian Petephras a priest of Heliopolis and his former master. They had Manasseh and Ephraim.
1,700 B.C.
Pharaoh Amenhotep, Amenophis or Amunhotpe I (Djeserkare) (1700-1679 B.C.), (1546/1525-1526/1504 B.C.) dynasty 18 is ruler of Egypt. Some suggest that when the Semitic people heard about the death of King Amose (Ahmose) I (1725-1700 B.C.) Dynasty 18 they began plotting uprisings in Egypt and Nubia and massing armies outside Egypt's borders. Pharaoh (King) Amenophis I made preemptive strikes against the Semites and conducted public executions of the plotters within its borders. Pharaoh means royal residence and some claim is of Hebraic origin.
The Nomadic Indo-Aryan (Arya) (Russian) who spoke a form of Sanskrit (Indo-European) invaded and occupied northern India destroying the cities Mohenjo-daro and the Harappan culture. The Northern Aryan (Arya) introduced the beginning of the cast system and the basis of the Hindu faith (Rig-Veda). The Brahranism that evolved into the Hindu venerated the cow as a symbol of everything that is alive, the mother of life. The cow is revered to the same extent as Mary the Mother of God in Christian dogma. Kshatryas (Warriors), Brahmins (Priests), Vaishias (Peasants), Shudras (subject people and those of mixed blood) and Pariahs (those without caste).
The Hittite Empire established their capital city at Hattushash this year. They are believed to be a down-to-earth people with a talent for political and military administration. It is believed they are a religious people but didn't deify their living Kings.
The Kingdom of Kush (1700-1500 B.C.) is believed to have existed about this time in Sudan near the Nile River south of Egypt. It has been considered a remote Egyptian outpost but recent excavations suggest it was rather a powerful kingdom, a rival to Egypt. Kerma was the capital of Kush. Egypt referred to Kush in 2,000 B.C. as trading partners and enemy. It's liley they were nomadic during the early days.
The oldest recorded version of the Great Flood is recorded about this time by the Semite and named Ziusudra as Noah alias Ut-Napishtim. The Semitic-Israelite version in Genesis is believed to be based upon this pre-Gilgamish Sumerian tradition.
The Shang Dynasty of China is believed to begin 1,700 B.C.about this time and last until 1,027 B.C. Others say (1,600-1,050 B.C.) It consisted of 30 kings with seven different capital cities. Ox scapulae and turtle plastrons are first used in divination. Cracks made by applying hot brands are studied and interpreted. The practice continues for centuries, and inscriptions on oracle bones from the later Shang dynasty provide some of the earliest evidence for writing.
The Asiatic Semitic-Israelite continued to consider the pig as unclean and the Muslims through their profit Mohammed would also adopt this same dogma. It is of interest to note that the South Pacific Peoples love pork and consider the pig as a holy animal. It is believed that the ancients consider the pig originally as divine and therefore not eaten. Others speculate the pig is not suited to the middle east region and can not be herded like sheep, goat or cows and is therefore not suitable to migrating peoples like the Semitic peoples. It is noteworthy that more sedentary people who live in forested areas usually raise pigs.
This Asiatic Semitic concept of unclean would be extended to many other of Gods creations. Iraq farmers are summer fallowing every other year.
The Achaeons displaced the Ionians and other tribes from Anatolia (Greece) forcing them south.
1,685 B.C.
Hatshepsut is born (1685-1630 B.C.) to become the only known female Pharaoh of Egypt. She is the daughter of the future Egyptian Pharaoh Thutmose (Thutmose) I and the wife of her brother Pharaoh Thutmose II. Her reign is recorded as (1657/1655-1636 B.C.)(1665-1645 B.C.)(1505-1483 B.C.)(1490-1469 B.C.) or (1486-1468) depending on the various theories (some even exclude her from the Pharaoh list) of Dynasty 18.
1,680 B.C.
King of Kussara, Labarnas I (1680-1650) who made the sea his frontiers is considered by the Hittite (Luwian, Palaic and Nesite people) to represent their ancient ancestors the Labarnas. This would suggest the reign of Labarnas I is likely much earlier based upon geological evidence.
1,679 B.C.
The Thera volcanic fallout of 1628 B.C. suggests Egyptian Pharaoh Tuthmosis or Thutmose I (Akheperkare) (meaning born of the god mose)(1526/1504-1500/1492 B.C.) Dynasty 18 should be corrected to (1679-1667 B.C.) based on the Pellegrino theory. Pharaoh Thutmose I records the Egyptian armies penetrated as far north as the Euphrates River. Syria and Palestine are now firmly under Egyptian Control. His empire also extended south to the third cataract. The Egyptians extracted tribute from the conquered peoples.
1,675 B.C.
(1st.) King Cheng Tang of Shang Dynasty of China ruled (1,675-1,646 B.C.) having defeated Jie the last ruler of the Xia Dynasty
1,670 B.C.
The Semitic-Canaanites in the Jordan Valley is trading with the Egyptians and the Minoan Crete.
1,668 B.C.
Mutnefert a concubine of the Pharaoh is believed responsible for killing the two sons of Tuthmosis I to clear the way for her semi-royal son to achieve the throne. Two other half brothers that found favor with the Pharaoh also met with accidental death. The Pharaoh's only remaining child is Hatshepsut born 1685 B.C.
1,667 B.C.
Pharaoh Tuthmosis, Thutmose or Tutmose II (Akheperenre) (1667-1657 B.C) (1512/1492-1504/1479 B.C.) Dynasty 18 son Thutmose I. Thutmose II married his half-sister to protect the family continuation as the Pharaoh.
1,657 B.C. Tuthmosis II died (some suggest after a 14 years reign) believed poisoned by his concubine Isis who is determined that her son Tuthmosis III (Thutmose) must rule as Pharaoh.
Queen Hatshepsut sister and husband of Pharaoh Thutmose (Tutmose) II first acted as co-regent of Egypt with the young Pharaoh Thutmose III age 12 years or less. After two years she proclaimed herself as Pharaoh. Queen Hatshepsut of Dynasty 18 to protect herself from assassination proclaimed herself of divine birth by immaculate conception and being baptized and purified by the Gods (spirits). She claimed that she would return after Judgement Day to lead the chosen people to paradise.
She is noted for her trading relationship with the Kingdom of Punt (Sudan). She claimed to have put in order and rebuilt the temples after kings who ruled without the God Re. Her father had conquered most of the Middle East including the headwaters of the Euphrates. Some suggest she conducted a peaceful reign and Egypt lost most of her conquered territory. The Queen married Mutnefert's son Tuthmosis II to avoid accumulating enemies. He was a weak and effeminate man. Others suggest the Queen Pharaoh led an army into Canaan to subdue the remnants of the Semite barbarian nomad tribes who had destroyed Egyptian monuments. In recognition that the Egyptian Gods are stronger than the Semite Gods; Egypt allowed the resident aliens to practice their own religion. This accounts for the inclusion of the Semite God Lord Baal, the forerunner of Yahweh into Egypt. It is noteworthy that the followers of God Baal demanded the sacrifice of children. The Egyptians believed that God is ever in His perfection and Man is ever in his failure. The mythical Egyptian Moses Sect would adopt this Egyptian inferiority concept. The Egyptians allowed a hierarchy of God's. The One God created all, man is a mortal God and the celestial God is immortal man. Some God (spirits) is lesser than man. The Hymn to the Egyptian God Ra reads in part, Hail, Ra, thou who art Ra-Harmachis, thou divine man-child, heir of eternity, self-begotten and self born, king of the earth, prince of the underworlds, governor of the regions of Aukert (part of the underworld). Hail God of life, lord of love, king of all the gods. King of Right and Truth, lord of eternity, maker of heaven. The Egyptians of the 18th dynasty clearly understood that the sun disk called the Sun God is only a symbol of Ra the God Almighty.
A Minoan (Philistine) settlement exists on the Sea of Galilee likely a trade link to the Eastern markets.
1,655 B.C.
Drought hit China for the next 5 years. King Tang of Shang (1675-1646) made Golden coins to be given to the poor family that sold their children caused by the drought, so that they can buy their children back.
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