http://www.telusplanet.net/dgarneau/euro22.htm
1,000 B.C.
An Indo-European group of people moved east to live in what later became Xinjiang province of western China. They left well-preserved Caucasian mummies of this age and 1,300 year old texts written in an unknown Indo European tongue. Some evidence showed that they had come from the steppes north of the Black and Caspian seas as the area filled with Iranian immigrants. They settled in the Tarim Basin on the edges of the Taklimakan Desert. They area has also been named Inner Asia, Chinese Turkistan and East Turkistan. The Uighers of Xinjiang sometimes show physical features that reflects Tocharian blood.
The Aryan tribes called Medas and Persian invaded Iran displacing or absorbing the aboriginal peoples. The northern lowlands of India is occupied by a fair-skinned Indo-Aryan copper culture that is in the process of converting to iron. A darker skinned Mohammeaden culture is migrating from central and western Asia. The south India culture is Dravidian in nature. A fresh wave of Celts arrived in Gaul (France) from the east settling in the Poitiers region. Behind the Celts followed the Belgae (a tribe of Celtic people) who settled in Belgium. The Djahi or Semitic-Phoenicians from Lebanon sailed and settled in Libya, Tunisia, Algeria and traded the Mediterranean and also settled in Iberia (Spain) and sailed the Atlantic down the African coast. Semitic-Phoenicians (sea people) is believed trading for tin in England. The Illyrian entered Italy, meaning young bulls, with their iron weapons and mounted warfare, subjected the Latin-Faliscan peoples and the Umbrian-Sabellian people.
The Chou Dynasty (1,000-256) begins in China. This dynasty reached to the seacoast of the Shantung peninsula and included the modern Shensi Province in the west and the site of Peking in the north. They governed by a feudal system. Some suggest this Dynasty began earlier about 1,122 B.C. in the Wei Valley (Shensi). The Emperor is responsible to maintain harmony between Earth and Heaven and is said to have derived his authority from a mandate of heaven. The Ainus culture on the island of Yezo, Japan is spreading south on the island of Hunshu. The Ainus appear to be the indigenous peoples of Japan. About this time Japan is invaded from southern Korea having landed on the island of Kyushu. They are believed to be of Malay origin. Over time the Ainus peoples are driven northward.
Some speculate that the Torah (Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy) is likely first recorded during the next 500 years, others suggest it is much later. Orthodox Jews claim Moses (ca. 1612-1492 B.C.) wrote the Torah. Exodus alone has 4 authors over time. Most scholars believe the Torah is a composite of four different groups (sects) designated J, E, P, D. Even at present 1/4 of the Torah words are of disputed meaning among scholars. It is noteworthy that a papyrus dating to this period proclaims the One Supreme Egyptian God named Amen as being in whom every god exists, the One of One, the Creator of the things that came into being when the earth took form in the beginning. The Hebrew prayer, Hear O Israel, the Lord thy God, the Lord is One, originated from the Egyptian religious beliefs.
About this time the story of the Atlantis civilization began to circulate in Anatolia (Greece) and the story is believed to have originated in Egypt. Some feel the basis of the legend may be the volcanic eruption of the Island of Thira (Santorin, Anatolia (Greece) north of the Island of Crete in the year 1,628 B.C. This eruption is the largest in human history. Others suggest a major earthquake hit the Middle East about this time resulting in the destruction of a number of cities.
The city of Aksum, Ethiopia is founded about this time starting a Kingdom that would survive the next 3,000 years. The Sabeans (Semites) of south Arabia invaded the Land of Punt (Ethiopia) settling along the coast and northern limits.
Hinduism is believed to predate the Sacred Verdic books dating to this period. Hinduism allows belief in several gods, one god or no god's. This religious freedom is a common held belief in many early cultures.
Small bands of Germanic Teutons from Scandinavia (Denmark) settling between the Elbe and Oder Rivers. These people are agricultural folks not like their war like mixed bloods descendants the Germans.
Some speculate this is the year of the beginning of the Celtic culture being a combination of the Proto-Celt (Urnfield) culture 1200 B.C., Tumulus culture 1550-1250 B.C. and the Hallstapt culture 1200-475 B.C. The Celts originated in Switzerland and South West Germany. The Hallstatt culture is in upper Austrian Salzkammergut. The Celts radiated outward from the Rhine, Rhone and Danube river systems. They were called Keltoi, Galli and later Celtae, Galatae and Galli. The all spoke an Indo-European language.
Many of the Jewish religious faith place this as the beginning of the religious significant of Jerusalem. They believe that this was during the reign of the kings when David united the Israelite tribes, making Jerusalem their capital. History however has scant evidence to support this Jewish myth. Some scholars question the existence of the reign of Kings and suggest if they existed they represented minor tribe leaders. Muslim authorities forbid any archaeological digs at Jerusalem's most likely location, beneath the dome of the rock. It is noteworthy that Jerusalem is named after the local god Shalem from this period.
The Armenian (Hayastan) as a culture is believed to have originated about this time. Armenian was a Province of Azerbaijan and has a 3,000 year history of defiance and survival.
The Phoenicians dominated the Mediterranean Sea until about 600 B.C. They established colonies from Cyprus to the Aegean Sea, Italy, North Africa and Spain in the west. They became rich and famous through trade. They invented writing and spread it throughout the Mediterranean. They are referred to as the vanished civilization, as little is know of these people.
Polynesian sailors traveled 1,000 miles and returned with trade goods between America Samoa, Ofu Island and Mangaia Island in east Polynesia. Between 1000 B.C. to 1,000 A.D. Polynesians sailed out of Indonesia, Malanesia and the Philippines to colonize most of the habitable islands of the Pacific Ocean. Many islands were colonized and then abandoned for unknown reasons. Genetic studies place them in the Americas and Australia. Samoa east of Australia and north of New Zealand was occupied by the Polynesians at this time.
What is believed to be the oldest wooden staircase was discovered in a Bronze Age salt mine near Hallstatt, Austria. The pine and spruce staircase survived because the microorganisms that destroy wood can't survive in salt.
The Mongolian tribes built Hugh Rock Burial Mounds known as Khirigsuurs and upright stones carved with mysterious symbols. About 500 are spread throughout northern regions of Mongolia and southern Siberia. The are sometimes referred to as deer stones and some suggest they are likely from an Iron Age People who occupied this area in 700 B.C. Most evidence however points to this time period.
A major earthquake struck along the Carmel-Gilboa fault system about this time. The Hebrew city of Har Megiddo, located at the strategic Nahal Iron Pass - the only route where chariots could speed between Egypt and Syria, was destroyed in the quake. This event is likely one described by John of Patmos in the Book of Revelations, where a great quake takes place at Armageddon.
In China's southwest one of the world's great cities flourished, and then inexplicably vanished, leaving no trace behind in the historical records. In 2001 excavations at Jinsha village began to uncover extensive artifacts.
The Chinese invented kites about this time that could carry scouts on reconnaissance missions. This was the first recorded flight of man.
A Polynesian cemetery containing the remains of 25 Lapita people in Teouma, Vanuatu, dated to about this time.
A pottery shard contains the earliest known Hebrew writing used by Hebrews, Philistines and others. It's actually proto-Canaanite script.
993 B.C.
The reign of Pharaoh Amunemope (ca. 1000 B.C.) ( after ca. 850 B.C) or (993-984 B.C.) of dynasty 21.
984 B.C.
The reign of Egyptian Libyan Pharaoh Osorkon (924-889 B.C) dynasty 22 or (984-978 B.C.) of dynasty 21.
978 B.C.
The reign of Pharaoh Siamun (978-959 B.C.) of dynasty 21.
977 B.C.
The Biblical Prince Jeroboam I (977-955) fled to Egypt under the reign of Pharaoh Shishak because King Solomon (1056-977/930 B.C.) of Jerusalem attempted to kill him.
976 B.C.
The Biblical Pharaoh Shishak of Egypt marched on Jerusalem subjecting Prince Rehoboam (Rehoboam) (976-959 B.C) and taking all the Solomon treasures. Some suggest this was 925 B.C. Egypt didn't march on Israel suggesting they may have requested this mission.
The Semitic-Hebrew Kingdom is split by plebiscite into two enemy kingdoms. Semitic-Israel is ruled from Samaria by Jeroboam (Yarov'am) (975-955) son Nebat who King Solomon (1056-977/930 B.C.) exiled to Egypt and who would ruled the Efrayimites tribe of Joseph (977-955). He restored the Minoan-Egyptian worship of the golden calves that brought them out of the land of Egypt. The bull cult must have a long standing legacy as Moses (ca. 1612-1492 B.C.) blessed the Efrayimites considering the firstling of his herd, grandeur is his, and his horns with them he push the peoples together. No one remained loyal to the House of King David (1096-1056 B.C.) except the clan of Semitic-Judah and the clan of Semitic-Benjamin. The Judah-Sect is ruled by Rehoboam (976-959), son of King Solomon (1056-977/930 B.C.) and Naamah the Semitic-Ammonite. Egypt however controls King Rehoboam (976-959) of Jersualem for half his reign.
975 B.C.
The Biblical Dynasty of Israel (975-731 B.C.) and the Dynasty of Judah (976-599 B.C.) in Palestine never again reconciled their differences and highlighted a major schism between the orthodox Israel Sect and the New Judah Sect. The divided Biblical Prince Rehoboham (Rehoboam) (976-959 B.C.) of Judah controlled two tribes and King Jeroboam I (977-955) of Israel controlled ten tribes of the Hebrew. The Book of Kings says that Yahweh tore the Kingdom from the House of David. Prince Rehoboam (976-959) of Jersualem, Judah gathered an army to war against Israel.
It is believed that two or more different versions of the Torah are created about this time. Version 'J' a Sumerian tradition is attributed to a Solomon sect, version 'E' attributed to the Semitic-Israel sect and version 'D' attributed to the Semitic-Judah Sect. Version 'P' is not written until about 550 B.C. by Babylonian Hebrews. Some suggest Deuteronomy is not written until King Josiah (640-609) but must be based on some older collection of Semitic Law. Orthodox Jews claim the Torah is written by Moses (ca. 1612-1492 B.C.) but this isn't possible as some kings mentioned lived after the death of Moses. It is believed that the Torah is a collection of all known Middle East mythology and tradition blended, edited and modified to conform to an evolving Semitic view of their world. It is noteworthy that King Solomon (1056-977/930 B.C.) was a minor tribal warlord who built only a few ordinary buildings and his exploits are greatly exaggerated by his followers.
965 B.C.
The fabled King Soloman reigned (965-925 B.C.) and is believed to be the 3rd King of Israel the son of King David and Bathsheba. He was alleged to have 700 wives and 300 concubines which sullied his memory. It is believed one of his fabled copper mines is discovered at Khirbat en Nahas, Jordan. It contains 100 buildings, including a fortress.
959 B.C.
The reign of Pharaoh Psusennes II (959-945 B.C.) of dynasty 21.
The Biblical Prince Abijam (Abia) (959-957 B.C.) son Jeroboam I and Naamah a Ammonite (975-955 B.C.) ruled Judah. Judah and Israel are at war with each other.
957 B.C.
The Biblical Prince Asa (957-916 B.C.) son Abijam (959-957) ruled Judah. Judah and Israel are at war his full reign. Israel had an alliance with Damascus against Judah. Judah paid tribute to Benhadad son Tamrimmon son Hezion King of Aram from Damascus to break the alliance. Benhadad turned his army against Israel.
955 B.C.
The Biblical King Nadab (955-953) son Jeroboam I (977-955) ruled Israel. The Biblical King (954-931) of Israel son Ahijah, house of Issachar butchered the entire House of Jeroboam, not sparing a soul.
953 B.C.
King Baasha (954-931) son of Ahijah killed King Nadab (953) when they are besieging Gibbethon, Palestine.
950 B.C.
This is the first record of a Hebrew alphabet. Some suggest that the bible was written in part no early than this. The Exodus account is believed to be the oldest book of the bible and was written over a long period of time by at least 4 different sets of scribes. The events, if they happened, were over 300 years after the fact. Some suggest only a small group of folks were involved in the Exodus and they departed with two religious concepts, the one God concept and the ideas for the 10 commandments. They differenced themselves from the Egyptians by changing the law from "I did not kill" to "Thou shall not kill"
945 B.C.
Main stream archaeology established the reign of the Egyptian Libyan Sheshonq I ( Shoshenk) as (945-924 B.C.) or (776-755 B.C.) dynasty 22 and aligned this with the Biblical plundering of Jerusalem (925 B.C.) by a Pharaoh they name as Shishak. King Sheshong attacked the land of Canaan but makes no reference to an attack on Jerusalem and this main stream link to the Biblical tradition is now considered invalid. Rohl theory places Sheshonq I to 776 B.C. The Third Intermediate Period (1069-664 B.C.) is now considered even more questionable than previously thought. The first Egyptian Pharaoh of Libyan descent Seshonq I lived for some five generations (150 or 875 B.C.) in Herakleopolis.
931 B.C.
The Biblical King Ela (Elah) (931) son Baasha (954-931) ruled Israel. King Ela (Elah) is killed by Zimri (931) who also destroyed the whole House of Baasha leaving not one male, or any relations or friends, likely in retaliation for Baasha's destruction of the House of Jeroboam. The Biblical King Zimri (931) ruled Israel for seven days, committed self-murder while under siege from King Omri (930-919) who ruled a split Israel. Israel is sieging Gibbethon at the time and went on to siege Tirzah. Prince Tibni son Ginath ruled the split faction but died.
930 B.C.
Rohl theory dates Ramses (Rameses) II as (930-863 B.C.), Pellegrino theory established a date of (1430-1363 B.C.) whereas main stream archaeology using Biblical criteria established the reign as (1304-1237 B.C.) or (1287-1220 B.C.) or (1290-1224 B.C.) of dynasty 19. Syria is subjected to Egyptian invasion. Ramses (Rameses) II records that Israel is laid waste, his seed is no more. It is noteworthy that Ramses (Rameses) II son did record the only Egyptian plundering of Shalem (Jerusalem) in the year eight of Ramses (Rameses) II reign.
Ramses (Rameses) II (930-863 B.C.) (1304-1237 B.C.) (1287-1220 B.C.) (1290-1224 B.C.) dynasty 19, to (1430 B.C.) based on the Pellegrino theory, sons lists major campaigns into Palestine, Canaan and Syria and some believe it represents the Dynasty of grandfather Sethi (Seti) I (943-930 B.C.) (1301-1287 B.C.) dynasty 19, based on the Rohl theory or traditionally (1317-1304 B.C.), father Ramses (Rameses) II, and his sons.
924 B.C. The reign of Egyptian Libyan Pharaoh Osorkon (924-889 B.C.) (874-850 B.C.) or (755-720 B.C.) dynasty 22
919 B.C.
The Biblical King Ahab (919-899) son Omari (930-919) succeeded to the throne of Israel with his wife Jezebel daughter Ethbaal King of Sidonian (Tyre), an ardent follower of Baal and Ashrtah. She imported 450 priests of Baal into the house of Israel. It is noteworthy that the followers of the God Baal demanded the sacrifice of children. The prophet Elijah the Tishbite of Tishbe massacred the Baal priests then fled to the Sini to avoid prosecution. The God of Amraham El did not impose himself on other people but the new God of Yahweh demanded violent repression and denial of other faiths. King Ahab (919-899) rebuilt Jericho. The building attributed to King David and King Solomon (1056-977/930 B.C.) is actually the work of King Ahab and his wife Jezebel.
916 B.C.
King Jehosaphat (Jeoshaphat) (916-894) ruled Judah.
901 B.C. The harem of Adbal Rahman (912-901) contained over 6,000 concubines.
900 B.C.
The Latin-Etruscan from Asia Minor enters Italy and subjugates the area finally settling between Florence and Genova. Others dispute this claim contending the Etruscan is indigenous to the region. Greek and Roman writers made reference that the La Tene people of the Rhine and Danube valleys spoke Celtic. Some suggest this is the first wave of Celts that begin displacing the Basques from Europe. The Etruscans established five city-states in west central Italy. This empire existed for the next 500 years. The Etruscans believed in life after death. They used a cremation custom to represent the separation of the spirit from the body. Later they abandoned cremation for conventional burial. The Etruscans loved art and were in love with love practicing in open free love.
The legend of the Hebrew coming out of Egypt is firmly established among the Semitic-speaking peoples. The historical fact of their earlier hostile invasion of Egypt under their God Baal is ignored as is the existence of the Pyramids or what the Egyptians call their great humiliation (the foreign occupation of Egypt). It is noteworthy that the God Baal demanded the sacrifice of children.
899 B.C.
The Biblical King Ahaziah (899-898) son Ahab (919-899) ruled Israel.
898 B.C.
The Biblical Prince Joram (Jehoram) (898-885) son Jehoshaphet (916-894) ruled Judah and took a wife from the family of Ahab (919-899) (his sister). Edom and Libnah threw off the domination of Judah.
884 B.C.
King Joram (894-887) ruled Judah.
889 B.C.
The reign of Egyptian Libyan Pharaoh Takelot I (889-874 B.C.) or (720-705 B.C.) dynasty 22
887 B.C.
King Ahaziah (887) of Judah ruled one year.
885 B.C.
The Biblical King Jehu (885-857) son Jehoshaphet (916-894) ruled Israel and Prince Ahaziah (887-885 B.C.) ruled Judah. Jehu would pursue and kill Ahaziah. He also killed the brothers of Ahaziah and 42 in their party. He destroyed the House of Ahab, all leading men, friends, and priests. King Jehu (885-857) gathered all the priests and devotees of the God Baal to a great celebration then ordered them massacred. It is noteworthy that the followers of the God Baal demanded the sacrifice of children. The Biblical Princesses Athalia (Athaliah) (885-879 B.C.) the mother of Ahaziah (887-885) ruled Judah. She destroyed all the royal stock. The High Priest Jehoiada ordered the death of Athalia.
Prince Ashurnasirpal II (883-859 B.C.) of Assyria subjected King Jehu (885-857) son of Omri (930-919) of Israel. Ashurnasirpal II spent thirty-one years at war in Armenis, Cilicia, Palestine, Taurus and Zagros. He pillaged the region of Damascus but failed to take the city. He also visited the cities of Phoenicia (Canannites) and they sent tribute to Assyria.
879 B.C.
The Biblical Prince Joash (879-840 B.C.) at age 7 years son Jehoram and Zibiath of Beersheba ruled Judah under the direction of Jehoiada.
874 B.C.
The reign of Egyptian Libyan Pharaoh Osorkon II (874-850 B.C.) or (705-676 B.C.) dynasty 22
870 B.C.
The Biblical Prince Jeoshaphat (870-848 B.C.) son Asa and Azubah ruled Judah. Judah and Israel are at peace.
857 B.C.
The Biblical King Jehahaz (Jehoahaz) (857-842) son Jehu (885-857) ruled Israel.
853 B.C.
Ben-Hadad II (Adad-idri) of Damascus with 12 kings of the seacoast met Ashurnasiral (858-824 B.C.) son King Shalmaneser III (838-824 B.C.) of Assyria in battle 853 B.C. on the plains of central Syria and lost to the Assyrians with 14,000 dead. Ben-Hadad and Hama however escaped with their lives.
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